Oil and Gas Problems in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan's Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges Kazakhstan is blessed with rich oil saves, which give a significant wellspring of incomes for stable financial development and improvement of the nation's expectation for everyday comforts. This paper tends to the test the Republic of Kazakhstan faces in dealing with its oil gracefully chain. The nation's ability for refining raw petroleum is insignificant and a considerable part of that refining limit is outside the Republic; added to that, a large portion of the pipelines and processing plants to trade oil to worldwide markets are mutually overseen by the Republic and global companies (MNCs).Thus there are political, mechanical and money related dangers for the republic's oil gracefully chain. 14 Jay Nathan, The Peter J. Tobin College of Business, St. John's University As in other oil creating countries, Kazakhstan's oil industry incomes straightforwardly rely upon the overall costs for oil and oil items, in light of gracefully an d request; and incomes rely upon the expense of creation and moving the last item to clients (Rasizade, 1999). For Kazakhstan's oil gracefully chain, the physical dispersion foundation associating supplies of raw petroleum to treatment facilities and to the world markets through pipelines, has been testing and costly.Moreover, at present Kazakhstan is outfitted with just a couple ; processing plants and in this way the significant part of Kazakhstan's unrefined petroleum is being refined in Russia. As of late, China has put intensely in the development of pipelines over the Republic of Kazakhstan to gracefully the expanded interest for oil in China. In this way Kazakhstan needs to oversee political, specialized and money related dangers in the coordination of her oil gracefully chain (Gaudenzi and Borghesi, 2006; Lockamy and McCormack, 2004). In the time of fast innovative turn of events and globalization. It is basic that each country adjusts to such an environment.Supply chain the executives has become a significant methods for continuing upper hand for every fruitful industry and organizations (Magretta, 1998). The goal of each gracefully chain, including the worldwide oil industry, is to amplify the general worth produced. The worth a flexibly chain creates [to an association, or to a nation] is the distinction between what the last item is worth to the client and the exertion the Introduction Kazakhstan has significant stores of oil; in any case, the nation faces a genuine detriment of not having any immediate access to the untamed ocean, as the Caspian Sea is landlocked.While her oil industry's upstream cost, I. e. , the expense for investigation, improvement and creation of unrefined petroleum, might be like that of most other oil delivering countries, its downstream cost, I. e. , transportation of raw petroleum to the treatment facility, refining and transportation to business sectors specifically, is all the more expensive (Sridharan, Canines and Patt erson; 2005). For Kazakhstan to ship the oil to world markets, the business needs to rely upon pipelines (Cavenagh, 1999) through different nations. Additionally, keeping up such an activity requires countless gifted laborers, yet Kazakhstan needs more of them.Kazakhstan's Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 15 gracefully chain uses in filling the client's solicitation. For most business gracefully chains, worth will be firmly corresponded with flexibly chain gainfulness, the distinction between the income created from the client and the general expense over the flexibly chain (Chopra and Meindl, 2003; Lee, 2002; Cavinato, 2002). The Republic of Kazakhstan will do well to monitorâ€especially to support development †the general estimation of her oil gracefully chain in the coming years. in light of processing plant gain {www. gravmag. com, 2006).It is critical to take note of that more prominent monetary prizes can be increased uniquely with very much coordinated worldwide oil flexibly chain the board. Oil Production Sharing Agreement and Risks in Kazakhstan The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Kazakhstan and the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia, intermittently set quantities for Kazakhstan's oil course through A russian area. For instance, on December 25, 2000 the amount for Kazakhstan was set at 17. 3 million tons. The notice among Kazakhstan and Russia of October 9, 2000 sets the rule of â€Å"a single route,† whose sole administrator is the Kazakh Oil Company.Annual portions rely mostly upon the political relations between the two countries. Other than governmental issues, there is additionally a specialized hazard factor, I. e. , the serious extent of pipeline wear and decay, which may hamper the adequacy and nature of administrations gave to trading nations. Furthermore, the absence of legitimate support of these oil pipelines exists essentially because of the way that an enormous number of very much prepared nearby exper ts and designers who are required are not accessible to day (Doing Business with Kazakhstan, 2004).Kazakhstan's oil pipeline frameworks were worked during the '70s {more than 60 percent of oil pipelines of the Western branch, to be accurate) and the rest during the '80s {75 percent of the Eastern branch). Therefore, toward the year's end 2000, Oil creating nations and worldwide gracefully chains Energy makes the wheels of worldwide flexibly chains go round (Bud La Londe, 2006). A run of the mill oil gracefully chain starts with the raw petroleum maker, next, the oil moves to the purifier, the transporter, the retailer lastly to the gas siphon where a client gets the product.The top world oil makers are Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United States, Iran, Mexico, China, Canada, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Norway, Kuwait, Nigeria, Brazil, Kazakhstan and Iraq. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) controls significant raw petroleum supplies to the world. OPEC impa cts the cost of raw petroleum by setting creation quantities. The qualities {revenue openings) are included by preparing and artificially replacing the raw petroleum, which is called â€Å"refining. A 42-gallon barrel of unrefined petroleum makes around 19 1/2 gallons of gas, nine gallons of fuel oil, four gallons of stream fuel and 11 gallons of different items, including greases, lamp oil, black-top and petrochemical feed-stocks to make plastics. This signifies in excess of 42 gallons Supply chain the board has become a significant methods for supporting upper hand for every fruitful industry and organizations. Kazakhstan's Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 16 55 percent ofthe pipelines were 10 to 20 years of age and 12 percent had been utilized for in excess of 30 years.Only 1 percent has been utilized for under 10 years. As time passes by, those pipelines are getting considerably more established and that implies not just the hazard and cost of keeping up them would be big ger, yet additionally the circumstance presents genuine specialized issues too for the Republic of Kazakhstan {Petroleumjournal. com, 2006). type of joint endeavors, creation sharing understandings and investigation/field understandings. Oil is recuperated from 55 fields. The biggest of these fields are: Tengiz (somebody billion tons of anticipated oil holds); Karachaganak (340 million tons in oil saves, mutiple. billion tons in gas condensates and mutiple. 3 trillion cubic meters of flammable gas); Uzen (with more than 1. 5 billion tons of land hydrocarbon saves, of which in excess of 200 million tons are extractable) and Kumkola (with 350 million tons of oil saves, of which 80 million tons of oil and 75 billion cubic meters of petroleum gas are demonstrated). The Caspian and Aral Sea rack additionally contain noteworthy stores. Right now, there are just three significant treatment facilities in Kazakhstan: Atyrau, Shymkent and Pavlodar (see Exhibit 2). Kazakhstan's Oil Fields and ProductionMangistau and Atyrau oblasts (territories) are the fundamental oil creating zones in Kazakhstan (see Exhibit 1). They represent in excess of 70 percent of the all out oil separated in the Republic. The other three extricating locales, Aktyubinsk, Kzylorda and Zapadno Kazakhstanskaya, represent the rest of. Worldwide oil ventures have taken the Exhibit 1: Production (in thousand tons) by areas 1998 Crude oil, thousand tons Aktubinskaya Atyrauskaya Zapadno-Kazakhstanskaya Kyzylordinskaya Mangistauskaya 23,818. 7 2,640. 8 11,135. 1 3,007. 8 7,035. 0 1999 26,735. 8 2,326. 7 12,359. 3 3,928. 8,121. 7 2000 30,647. 9 2,701. 1 13,422. 0 13. 5 533. 8 9,173 2001 36,060. 0 3,405. 3 15,589. 5 49. 4 6,172. 8 10,843. 0 Source: National Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, 2005 Kazakhstan's Oil Supply Chain Management Challenges 17 Exhibit 2: Design and Delivery Capacities of Major Refineries Plant Design Capacity m In. tons Actual Deliveries min. tons Per month Design thousand tons Actual t housand tons Per day Design thousand tons Actual thousand tons Shymkent Oil Refinery PavlodarOil Refinery Atyrau Oil Refinery 6. 5 3. 6 2. 3 590 326. 8 189. 5 245. 4 19. 7 22. 6 14 10. 9 6. 3 7. 5 4. 677 418 2. 7 8. 2 Source: National Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, 2005 †¢ Pavlodar (an outside speculator was given an administration concession in 1997; the plant has been under government control since summer 1999) forms principally light unrefined from Siberia and supplies the northern area of Kazakhstan; †¢ Atyrau has a place with Kazakhoil, preparing substantial household oil and supplies the western district; †¢ Shymkent was for the most part sold (95 percent) to private financial specialists in 1996. It forms committed rough from the locale (Kumkol, Aktyubinsk, Turkmen fields) and supplies the south, especially Almaty.Kazakhstan's Oil Production and Distribution Costs A huge number of various plans exist for separating oil incomes between the host nation and the outside accomplice. The typical objective for conveyance of income from creation to showcase is around 85 percent to the host nation and 15 percent to the oil organization. This proportion can be interpreted in a wide range of ways with various sorts of legally binding structures; it additionally relies upon the host nation's laws and inclinations, yet when all is said in done oil organizations focus on this ratio.This number has varie

Martin Luther Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther Essay Martin Luther was conceived in 1483 in Germany. In spite of the fact that he was raised in a catholic confidence, he changed his confidence by beginning another Christian development that was against the lessons of Catholicism, which was therefore named as Lutheran. He educated as a religious philosophy teacher, consequently an expert in religious philosophy and he was an evangelist too. His folks Hans Luder mother Margarethe were catholic adherents, in this way when he was conceived; he got absolution on the next day which was St. Martin of Tours day of blowout. He had siblings and sisters; be that as it may, two of his siblings passed route because of a plague. Jacob who had tight bonds with Martin lived on to mature age. Martin’s father leased copper mines and smelters and he likewise functioned as a representative in the neighborhood board. Other than he needed the best for his child; he aimed that Martin would be a legal counselor . Martin started his initial school life in 1497 at Mansfield, Magdeburg and Eisenach in a specific order; where he learnt Latin. At the point when he was seventeen years old he was an understudy at the University of Erfurt and continuously 1505, he had finished his postgraduate examinations and was granted an experts degree. Since his dad needed him to be a legal advisor, he felt free to enlist for the graduate school in any case, he never sought after the course to finish since as per him law was vague. Rather he liked to concentrate more on religious philosophy and reasoning and was captivated by previous rationalists like William of Ockham, Aristotle and Gabriel Biel. In any case, he was progressively attracted to teachers who instructed on not laying trust on anybody including the logicians except if the cases they state could be affirmed through commonality. On account of this explanation, Martin presumed that information in theory couldn't assist individuals with drawing near to God since it only underlined on thinking; which is legitimate when applied to individuals and associations yet not God. As per Luther, individuals could just recognize what god's identity is by understanding the sacred texts. From here, his mission for sacred writing understanding started. Later in 1505, Martin Luther deserted his examinations and joined the catholic religious community. Luther’s life as a priest was comprised by avoiding food, journey, announcement of his wrongdoings before a minister for pardoning and appealing to God for long periods. The life at the cloister wasn’t simple by any stretch of the imagination; the priests invested less energy in bed and they needed to buckle down so as to continue network individuals. He admits that his promise to the congregation as a priest was not charming to God; rather it made him mindful of how wicked he was. Besides, the period inside which he filled in as a priest gave an alternate view of Jesus Christ in his life; the Christian life at the cloister resembled a confinement place that irritated guiltless individuals, yet Jesus is â€Å"a Savior and a comforter†. In any case, the cloister hardship changed Luther as he discovered more opportunity to know the Bible. A while later, it was mulled over by Johann von Staupitz that Luther required to accomplish something different with the goal that his mission for the sacred writing could be upset. In like manner, after his holy appointment, he continued as a religious philosophy teacher of Wittenberg University. By 1509, Luther had gotten two degrees; one in Biblical examinations and the other in sentences. Following three years, he graduated as a specialist in religious philosophy accordingly turning into an individual from the senate in the staff of philosophy in the University of Wittenberg . The dubious issues with respect to Catholicism started in 1517 when Martin Luther composed the 95 proposals. The postulations concentrated on the guilty pleasures that were sold in the congregation. Since the pope needed assets to set up the St. Peter’s church in Rome, acquitting of sins was conceded on condition that the heathen paid cash. In different examples, one could buy pardon for sins that the individual hopes to submit. This prodded worry in Martin Luther on the grounds that as he had perused in the sacred text, redemption is openly given; while in Rome, salvation was an article of exchange that could be exchanged between two accomplices a miscreant and the minister. In addition, more guilty pleasures were sold so those spirits that were in limbo could be discharged. Besides, as indicated by the Roman Catholic Theology it was accepted that confidence isn't sufficient to legitimize an individual except if it is joined by deeds, for example partaking in works of noble cause and giving the congregation money related commitments . Luther protested the issue of extravagances that were being sold; subsequently, he drafted a note to the ecclesiastical overseers of Magdeburg and Mainz; this note is what was later alluded to as the 95 postulations. A duplicate of the note he kept in touch with the ecclesiastical overseer was put on the entryway of Castle Church. As indicated by Luther, the vindication and pardoning of sins dependent on guilty pleasures wasn't right and tricky. Inside a brief timeframe the theories were changed over to German, since they were written in Latin; after which they were printed and duplicated to make numerous duplicates. In like manner, the reproduced propositions were broadly dispersed to different parts inside Germany. Somewhere in the range of 1510 and 1520, he invested his energy in encouraging the New Testament books including the Psalms. Indeed, even as he considered the Holy Scriptures, he came to understand that legitimization was an extremely noteworthy perspective in salvation. That God recognizes a heathen and makes him exemplary when he accepts the sacred writing; likewise God spares delinquents as a result of elegance. Luther continued to lecture about support, how it originated from God’s just and confidence as a present for mankind from God. The Roman ecclesiastical power took a time of three years to act because of Luther’s compositions notwithstanding the way that the propositions had been appropriated at a quicker rate. The Archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg whom the letter was routed to favored not to answer Luther, but instead recognized unorthodox expressions at that point sent the letter to Rome. Pope Leo X disregarded the letter accepting that it was anything but an offensive issue; to him Luther was just smashed and after at some point he would return to his detects. Be that as it may, the recognition wasn't right: Country’s, for example, England, Italy and France were perusing the propositions by 1519. Besides, he composed and distributed discourses Psalms and Galatians, despite the fact that he needed to work under security. By 1520, he had distributed three books that are viewed as the most brilliant among his works-â€Å"On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, On the Freedom of A Christian and To the Nobility of the German Nation. The Pope came to reexamine of Luther’s proposal in 1519 and requested him to give subtleties of his theories which he did in an outline. Accordingly, Luther was called to meet the Pope in Rome with the goal that he could give a nitty gritty support to his works. In any case, Luther went to Rome however as it was masterminded by Frederick the Wise, he met Cardinal Thomas Cajetan who was a legate to the pope Nevertheless, the pope felt free to keep in touch with Luther in a composing named as â€Å"papal bull Exsurge Domine† forewarning him to upbraid the postulations he had composed just as subsections inside the books that he had composed, in a time of sixty days; disappointment of which would bring about him getting suspended from the catholic network. On the other hand, Luther consumed the ecclesiastical bull and different compositions, an activity he later advocated in his works Assertions Concerning All Articles just as Why the Pope and His Recent Book Are Burned. Following this, Luther was suspended out of the Roman Catholic people group in 1521 by the Pope. Later in April, 1521, Luther was introduced before the Diet of Worms, a social affair of the Roman Empire experts in Worms, Rhine. It was expected of him to affirm in the event that he was the writer of the postulations and different books he had composed, an issue he promptly affirmed. Be that as it may, in noting whether he upheld the compositions, he concurred following one day having talked about with companions and supplicated. Likewise, in May 1521, Luther was announced an apostate and his works were prohibited. Also, nobody was allowed to give neither safe house nor food as this would add up to discipline. Luther by the assistance of the Elector of Saxony, Fredrick III, remained separate away from individuals in the Castle of Wartburg for around eleven months under the name Junker Jorg. It is during this period that he deciphered the New Testament, at first in Greek to German . At the point when he returned to Wittenberg in March 1522, Luther kept on lecturing and numerous individuals were attracted to his messages. He updated the congregation principles and helped with restoring harmony and solidarity inside the country. The new church precepts depended on trust, beauty and sacred text alone. Rather than the seven holy observances that exist in the Roman Catholic, just two holy observances were perceived sanctification and the Holy Communion. Lutheranism didn't advocate for chastity, be that as it may, nobody had to wed. The primary Lutheran assertion of confidence, in any case alluded to as the Augsburg Confession, was perused before the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V in 1530. The transformed church chose to name the new church as Lutheran out of appreciation for Luther. Luther wedded Katharina who was at first a religious recluse yet surrendered. He died in 1546, in Eisleben subsequent to having been sick . Reference index Collinson, P. (2004): The Reformation: a history, ISBN 0679643230, 9780679643234, Modern Library. Doak, R. S. (2006): Pope Leo X: Opponent of the Reformation, ISBN 0756515947, 9780756515942, Compass Point Books. Edwards, M. U. (Walk, 2000): Martin Luther: Exploring His Life and Times, 1483-1546. The Christian Century, Vol. 117. Fairchild, M. (2009): Martin Luther Bibliography. Recovered on thirteenth April, 2009, from: http://christianity. about. com/od/lutherandenomination/a/martinlutherbio_2. htm Marius, R. (1999): Martin Luther: the Christian among God and passing, third Edition, ISBN 0674550900, 9780674550902, Harvard University Press. The Columbia Encyclopedia (2007): Luther,

English Poetry free essay sample

In any case, writers, for example, William Wordsworth were effectively occupied with attempting to make another sort of verse that stressed instinct over explanation and the peaceful over the urban, frequently shunning present day structures and language with an end goal to utilize ‘new’ language. An early type was Robert Burns, who is commonly delegated a proto-Romantic writer and impacted Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Burns’s Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect was distributed in April 1786 and included â€Å"The Two Dogs,† â€Å"Address to the Deil,† â€Å"To a Mountain Daisy,† and the generally anthologized â€Å"To a Mouse. † Wordsworth himself in the Preface to his and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads characterized great verse as â€Å"the unconstrained flood of ground-breaking feelings,† however in a similar sentence he proceeds to explain this announcement by attesting that in any case any sonnet of significant worth should in any case be created by a man â€Å"possessed of more than expected natural reasonableness [who has] likewise thought long and deeply†. Hence, however numerous individuals seize unreasonably upon the idea of immediacy in Romantic Poetry, one must understand that the development was still incredibly worried about the torment of structure, of making an interpretation of these emotive reactions into the type of Poetry. Surely, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, another conspicuous Romantic artist and pundit in his On Poesy or Art considers craftsmanship to be â€Å"the mediatress between, and reconciler of nature and man†. Such a disposition reflects what may be known as the prevailing topic of Romantic Poetry: the separating of normal feeling through the human psyche so as to make craftsmanship, combined with a consciousness of the duality made by such a procedure. 1 Major Romantic writers †¢ Brazil: Alvares de Azevedo, Castro Alves, Casimiro de Abreu, Goncalves Dias †¢ England: William Blake, George Gordon Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Wordsworth, John Keats †¢ United States: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson Questions: What are the qualities of sentimental verse? Give instances of who were the sentimental writers? Melodious Ballads Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is an assortment of sonnets by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first distributed in 1798 (see 1798 in verse) and by and large considered to have denoted the start of the English Romantic development in writing. The quick impact on pundits was unobtrusive, however it became and stays a milestone, changing the course of English writing and verse. A large portion of the sonnets in the 1798 release were composed by Wordsworth, with Coleridge contributing just four sonnets to the assortment, including one of his most well known works, â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. (Moreover, despite the fact that it is just the two essayists that are credited for the works, William’s sister Dorothy Wordsworth affected William’s verse colossally in light of the fact that he considered her journal which held incredible portrayals of ordinary environmental factors). A subsequent release was distributed in 1800, in which Wordsworth incorporated extra sonnets and an introduction specifying the pair’s acknowledged poetical standards. Another version was distributed in 1802, Wordsworth included a supplement titled Poetic Diction in which he extended the thoughts set out in the prelude. Wordsworth and Coleridge set out to upset what they considered the pompous, learned and exceptionally etched types of eighteenth century English verse and bring verse inside the scope of the normal individual by composing the refrains utilizing typical, regular language. They place an accentuation on the imperativeness of the living voice that the poor use to communicate their world. Utilizing this language likewise declares the all inclusiveness of human feelings. Indeed, even the title of the assortment reviews natural types of craftsmanship the word â€Å"lyrical† joins the sonnets with the antiquated provincial minstrels and loans a quality of suddenness, while â€Å"ballads† are an oral method of narrating utilized by the everyday citizens. In his well known â€Å"Preface† (1800, overhauled 1802) Wordsworth clarified his poetical idea: most of the accompanying sonnets are to be considered as analyses. They were composed mainly so as to find out how far the language of discussion in the center and lower classes of society is adjusted to the motivation behind graceful joy. On the off chance that the examination with vernacular language was insufficient of a takeoff from the standard, the emphasis on straightforward, uneducated nation individuals as the subject of verse was a sign move to present day writing. One of the principle subjects of â€Å"Lyrical Ballads† is the arrival to the first condition of nature, wherein individuals drove a cleaner and progressively blameless presence. Wordsworth bought in to Rousseau’s conviction that mankind was basically acceptable however was tainted by the impact of society. This might be connected with the feelings spreading through Europe only before the French Revolution. In spite of the fact that the expressive melodies is a community work, just four of the sonnets in it are by Coleridge. Coleridge dedicated a lot of his opportunity to making ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. ’ Many of Coleridge’s sonnets were disliked with the crowd and with individual essayist Wordsworth because of their grim or otherworldly nature. In contrast to Wordsworth, Coleridge’s work can't be comprehended through the perspective of the 1802 introduction to the second version of that book; however it resembles Wordsworth’s in its romanticizing of nature and its accentuation on human euphoria, Coleridge’s sonnets regularly favor melodic impacts over the conventionality of normal discourse. The purposeful obsolescences of â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† and the mesmerizing automaton of â€Å"Kubla Khan† don't mimic normal discourse, making rather an all the more strikingly adapted impact. Further, Coleridge’s sonnets confuse the wonders Wordsworth underestimates: the straightforward solidarity between the youngster and nature and the adult’s reconnection with nature through recollections of adolescence; in sonnets, for example, â€Å"Frost at Midnight,† Coleridge demonstrates the delicacy of the child’s blamelessness by relating his own urban youth. In sonnets, for example, â€Å"Dejection: An Ode† and â€Å"Nightingale,† he focuses on the division between his own psyche and the magnificence of the common world. At last, Coleridge regularly benefits unusual stories and strange symbolism over the typical, natural simplicities Wordsworth advocates; the â€Å"thousand thousand vile things† that creep upon the spoiling ocean in the â€Å"Rime† would be strange in a Wordsworth sonnet. On the off chance that Wordsworth speaks to the focal mainstay of early Romanticism, Coleridge is by the by a significant auxiliary help. His accentuation on the creative mind, its freedom from the outside world and its making of phenomenal pictures, for example, those found in the â€Å"Rime,† applied a significant effect on later essayists, for example, Shelley; his portrayal of sentiments of distance and deadness assisted with characterizing all the more pointedly the Romantics’ admired difference between the vacancy of the city †where such emotions are experienced †and the delights of nature. The uplifted comprehension of these emotions likewise assisted with forming the generalization of the enduring Romantic virtuoso, frequently further described by illicit drug use: this figure of the dreamer, splendid yet shockingly unfit to accomplish his own beliefs, is a significant posture for Coleridge in his verse. His depiction of the brain as it moves, regardless of whether peacefully (â€Å"Frost at Midnight†) or in free for all (â€Å"Kubla Khan†) additionally assisted with characterizing the private emotionalism of Romanticism; while a lot of verse is established of feeling recalled in serenity, the cause of Coleridge’s sonnets regularly is by all accounts feeling remembered in feeling. Be that as it may, (in contrast to Wordsworth, it could be contended) Coleridge keeps up a passionate power as well as a real educated nearness all through his oeuvre and applies steady philosophical strain to his thoughts. In his later years, Coleridge worked a lot on transcendentalism and governmental issues, and a philosophical awareness implants quite a bit of his refrain †especially sonnets, for example, â€Å"The Nightingale† and â€Å"Dejection: An Ode,† wherein the connection among brain and nature is characterized through its particular dismissal of deceptive renditions. The psyche, to Coleridge, can't take its inclination from nature and can't dishonestly permeate nature with its own inclination; rather, the brain must be so suffused with its own delight that it opens up to the genuine, autonomous, â€Å"immortal† delight of nature. Questions: 1. Coleridge expounds oftentimes on kids, in any case, in contrast to other Romantic artists, he expounds on his own kids more frequently than he expounds on himself as a kid. With specific reference to â€Å"Frost at Midnight† and â€Å"The Nightingale,† by what means can Coleridge’s mentality toward kids best be described? How does this demeanor identify with his bigger thoughts of nature and the creative mind? Like Wordsworth, Coleridge is entirely persuaded of the excellence and attractive quality of the individual’s association with nature. In contrast to Wordsworth, in any case, Coleridge doesn't appear to accept that the kid naturally appreciates this special association. The child’s solidarity with the characteristic world isn't intrinsic; it is delicate and can be hindered or pulverized; for instance, if a youngster experiences childhood in the city, as Coleridge did, his concept of normal flawlessness will be very constrained (in Coleridge’s case, it is restricted to the night sky, as he portrays in â€Å"Frost at Midnight†). Coleridge intensely trusts that his youngsters will appreciate a youth among the delights of nature, which will sustain their minds (by providing for their spirits, it will make their spir

The Question Of Homelessness - Free Essay Example

Imagine what it might feel like to not be able to go home at night, to not have a place where your family can feel safe? To not be able to have something stable, something that you can call home and indulge in its security and comfort each day. Those are only a few of the unfortunate thoughts that go through the minds of homeless people. The amount of people who are homeless is becoming greater every day, and that needs to be changed with housing options which would provide a safe environment and an adequate source to live in, either long-term or temporarily.. Many people across the U.S. lack a regular night-time residence as a result of different things like substance abuse, the lack of affordable housing in their area, and mental health problems which, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, 25 percent of homeless people claim to be. Housing in certain states such as our very own California, is expensive, apartments and houses. This is due to supply and demand, a lot of people want to live in California but there arent enough houses to go around, but we can just build more buildings right? Wrong. Proposition 13 takes away a citys incentive to build more homes because it limits the amount of property taxes a local government can take. Intended to help homeowners it had unintended consequences for the homeless people in desperate need of a roof over their head. Also, the limited amount of money, 1.9 billion dollars that the Housing Department is allowed to work with, is only a tenth of what the nation would need to eradicate homelessness, which is at least 20 billion. 20 billion dollars is a little less than the amount that Americans spend on Christmas decorations, to put it into perspective. There are a variety of housing options to choose from which can be beneficial to the homeless in terms of safety, living environment, and having a place in which they can stay. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, The January 2017 Point-in-Time count identified 553, 742 people experiencing homelessness in the United States. In New York, specifically, 89, 503 people are homeless statewide (National Alliance). A proven housing-based policy: Permanent supportive housing, has proven to be cost-effective and also successful to the homeless problem since it provides affordable housing assistance to individuals with a mental illness, HIV/Aids or other health problems (Coalition for the Homeless). According to the Coalition for the Homeless, the New York/New York While these housing options are amazing for the homelessness, it has its problems. The Wheely made by Zo-Loft Architecture Design is a great invention, but it seems as the when you open it the wheel is right in the middle. So when one is getting in to go to sleep, they will lay on top of the wheel and it mostly likely is really uncomfortable having to lay on a hard aluminum frame. While this might be a problem the Wheely has its benefits, not only can you sleep in it, it can carry and store belonging inside the wheel structure, it can transform into a chair, and it is available at really low costs(Lepisto).

Corporal Punishment Is A Form Of Physical Punishment

Corporal punishment is a form of physical punishment that inflicts pain on kids for their negative actions such as spanking. This topic is controversial because some people feel very strongly that they should be allowed to continue using these methods and others feel very strongly that they should not be allowed to. I feel as if this method of punishment is inhumane and should not continue to be used. The modernization of psychology has proved that hitting children will not help them learn that what they did was wrong and will probably just make them angry or frustrated why they were abused. Even if they don’t do it again i think that it’s just because they’re scared not to, not because they actually learned not to and once they aren t scared anymore then they may continue to commit that action. Also if it s legal for people to do then in some cases it will be overused and the person will not be able to get into trouble if they get caught. Being abused can be a very traumatizing life event that can affect somebody forever, if we start bringing it back into schools then it could really ruin some kid s lives. According to Yun Jinies, who writes for abc news, he wrote this article to inform people about some of the dangers that come along with corporal punishment being in schools. Yun brought up a specific incident that occurred in a school where a principal paddled a 5 year old student. †Tenika Jones says the principal at the Joyce Bullock Elementary School in LevyShow MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment Should Be Taught Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal is derived from the Latin word corporÄ lis bodily which is equivalent to corpor meaning, â€Å"of the human body; bodily; physical†, as defined by the dictionary. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines corporal punishment as, â€Å"punishment that involves hitting someone: physical punishment†. The Committee on the Rights of the Child in the Ge neral Comment No. 8 defines ‘corporal’ or ‘physical’ punishment as, â€Å"any punishment in which physical force is used and intended to cause some degree of painRead MoreEssay on Corporal Punishment in Schools1007 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal Punishment Beat the students! Beat the students! Beat the students! The way most school systems want to discipline their students in the school system, is to beat them. This is the concept most schools look at corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has been used in school for centuries. Many schools have limited the use of corporal punishment but most schools continue to use corporal punishment. Corporal punishment is defined as â€Å"physical pain inflicted on the body of a child as a penaltyRead MoreEssay on Corporal Punishment1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe deciding factor in the future of corporal punishment is seen in the Ingraham v. Wright Supreme Court case. In 1970, James Ingraham, an eighth grade student of Drew Junior High School was one of the many beneficiaries of corporal punishment distributed by Willie Wright, the principal of the high school. The rationality behind Ingraham’s punishment was that he was slow to respond to his teacher instructions. As a result, his te acher sent him to the principal office where he bent over the tableRead MoreCorporal Punishment and the Effects of Its Usage757 Words   |  3 PagesCorporal Punishment and the effects of its usage Corporal punishment is the ability to make physical contact as a form of punishment for reprimanding ones behavior. Corporal punishment versus positive reinforcement while they both serve their purpose corporal punishment is known to be more effective. The most common form of disciplining has always been either a spanking, corporal punishment has been dated all the way back to biblical times. Now the corporal punishment that occurred during biblicalRead MorePersuasive Speech: Corporal Punishment1625 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Topic: Should Corporal Punishment be used by parents on young children? General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: I want to persuade my audience that corporal punishment should not be a way of punishment and to use other effective punishments. Thesis Statement: Corporal punishment tends to perpetuate a cycle of child abuse. Introduction I.Attention Grabber: â€Å"Corporal punishment is the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience painRead MoreThe Effects Of Corporal Punishment On Children932 Words   |  4 PagesChildren and Corporal Punishment Punishing children has been one of the most controversial parenting topics this generation has seen. Physical punishment or corporal punishment is simple defined as the use of physical force with the purpose of initiating pain, but not wound, to teach the proper behavior of a child. Corporal punishment has been used for many centuries in schools and in homes but the use of such techniques have since decreased and are not being used in many places today. EvidenceRead More Corporal Punishment Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal punishment is a very controversial topic that is being discussed amongst educators across the nation. Corporal punishment refers to any physical form of punishment, but in this case it refers to in schools. Currently there are many different terms used to label corporal punishment, for example, it has been called spanking, paddling, caning, lashing, popping, smacking, whipping or beating. Each term carries its own different meaning, but they all represen ts some form of corporal punishmentRead MoreCorporal Punishment919 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal punishment is a very controversial topic that is being discussed amongst educators across the nation. Corporal punishment refers to any physical form of punishment, but in this case it refers to in schools. Currently there are many different terms used to label corporal punishment, for example, it has been called spanking, paddling, caning, lashing, popping, smacking, whipping or beating. Each term carries its own different meaning, but they all represents some form of corporal punishmentRead MoreEffectiveness of Corporal Punishment1320 Words   |  5 Pageswhat form of punishment is most efficient in eliciting avoidance behaviors. For a number of years the debate about the use and effectiveness of corporal punishment by teachers has divided educators, parents and ministry officials. As a result, researchers has tried their best to determine whether punishment or harm to a child doe s indeed thwart misbehavior and encourage students to follow the rules and regulations set forth by the schools. Although, Trinidad and Tobago has banned corporal punishmentRead MorePurpose Of Corporal Punishment1151 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal Punishment is the intentional act of disciplining by inflicting physical pain as retribution for an offense or wrongdoing. The purpose of corporal punishment is to prevent the offense or wrongdoing from happening again by instilling or associating fear with these undesired acts. Corporal punishment may be divided into three main types: parental or domestic corporal punishment, school corporal punishment and judicial corporal punishment which closely related to prison corporal punishment

Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right - 1675 Words

Betrayal and Holy Retribution in Macbeth In the play Macbeth, author William Shakespeare tells the dramatic story of how a man, who becomes obsessed with his own fate and power, falls from grace and is eventually killed by his own obsessions. Written in 1606, this play follows historical figures during the mid 11th century in the struggle for power and the crown of Scotland. When this was written, the Tudor dynasty had just ended its nearly 120 years of ruling England and Shakespeare wished for a peaceful transition of power unlike in the time of Macbeth where out of nine consecutive kings, only two had their rule ended by natural causes. To discourage this mad scramble for power among the nobles, Shakespeare uses the theme of betrayal†¦show more content†¦Macbeth, however, does not stay loyal to Duncan and almost immediately following the words of the witches he admits that, â€Å"my thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical shakes so my single state of man that function, is smothered in surmise, and nothing i s but what is not† (Shakespeare 1.3.139). With this personal confession, Macbeth reveals how he is struggling internally between his own personal ambition and what he knows is right. When he does later decide to murder Duncan, he â€Å"acknowledges that his deed will entail all the kinds of violence civilization has been struggling to suppress since it first began† (Watson) as he had just recently help put down a rebellion against Duncan, ironically enough. When Macbeth does betray Duncan, the consequences of this are enormous ranging from fits of paranoia to his eventual death. The fallout of this central betrayal is foreshadowed early in the play when the former thane of Cawdor tried to betray Duncan and paid dearly for it. Duncan says that â€Å"he was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust† (Shakespeare 1.4.14) and because of this betrayal of trust he is executed and his title is given to Macbeth. The same fate will eventually await Macbeth as â€Å"t he rebel must be sacrificed to preserve [universal order]† (Bloom) but first he is abandoned by everyone around his until he is alone with his evil thoughts. The first introduction to evilShow MoreRelatedMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pagesthe play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, there is a constant theme of questioning what quantifies a good leader and what qualifies someone to lead. These questions, however, are more easily posed than answered because they change immensely depending upon the individual responding. Some follow the school of thought that a king should be selected based on divine inheritance while others focus more holistically on a king who possesses good qualities that would make them a worthy ruler. In MacbethRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare’S Macbeth Remains As A Crucial Play1705 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Macbeth remains as a crucial play in understanding the central concepts that shape modern Western civilization. The novel dramatizes the mental and physical impacts of those pursuing political power. For centuries, medieval and Renaissance civilizations were assured of a harmony between political and religious ideals. Audiences during Shakespeare’s time were familiar with kingdoms that incorporated religious aspects into their political systems. In Scotland and England, theRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of William Shakespeare s King Lear1014 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes not necessarily mean that the trait was always bad; it could have been a trait that initially made the person wonderful. The important part of hamartia is that the trait leads to the character’s undoing. The title characters in King Lear and Macbeth are two individuals that while they share the same hamartia of hubris, the resulting catharsis is different due to their ending circumstances. The superior view of ‘self’ in appearances extends to both characters and leads them to becoming a differentRead MoreExploration of Shakespeares Views on Kingship Through Macbeth950 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares Views on Kingship Through Macbeth Works Cited Not Included Macbeth was written by William Shakespeare in around 1606 and is Shakespeares shortest tragedy. He wrote Macbeth whilst James I was on the throne. James believed strongly in divine right. This may have helped Shakespeares views on kingship. In Macbeth there are four kings: EdwardRead MoreMacbeth Abuse Power Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth: The Abuse of Power In William Shakespeare’s tragedy of Macbeth, a Scottish noble along with his wife Lady Macbeth, crave absolute power, which prompts them to do terrible deeds that eventually lead to their demise. As well as the malicious rulers, we have those who have authority, but use their power in beneficial ways, portraying them as just rulers. The play displays the fair ruling ways of King Duncan; the kind heart of Macduff; the mischievous and abusive actions of Lady Macbeth; theRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesAbsolute power corrupts absolutely†¦ unless, of course, your absolute power is a God-given right. The iconic tragedy Macbeth is arguably one of the most recognised literary works of William Shakespeare, centered on the idea of illegitimate power. Throughout the text, Shakespeare explores the destructive nature of power through various representations and characters, conveying an unceasing struggle for power amongst the main protagonists that causes devastating consequences. Though Shakespeare conveysRead MoreMacBeth Versions Comparison Essay547 Words   |  3 PagesMacBeth versions comparison essay There are many differences between interpretations of William Shakespeares MacBeth. This essay wall contrast Shakespeares original version and a movie version by Roman Polanski produced in 1970. Three major differences will be discussed. One difference between Shakespeares and Polanskis version is the absence of the scene in England in Polanskis version. In the Original MacBeth, MacDuff goes to England to convince Malcolm to return and fight MacBethRead MoreTheme Of Kingship In Macbeth938 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare employs a similar technique under the rule of James I through the prevalent theme of kingship throughout Macbeth, demonstrating the tyranny of the fictional Scottish King as the antithesis of the English monarch. Disassociation is established throughout the play as Macbeth is instead affiliated with the Bolingbroke dynasty, upholding the Tudor myth. This is achieved primarily through illegitimacy to the throne as unworthiness leads to tyranny, and ultimately, monarchical abuse (McCauliffRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 910 Words   |  4 Pagesthis speech to his troops in the country near Birnam Wood before the battle of Dunsinane. Macduff explains why Macbeth must be defeated, and encourage s the soldiers into battle. This fills the gap/silence in the play when the army arrives at Birnam Wood between when they are ordered to cover themselves with Birnam Wood, and the orders to march towards Dunsinane castle to overthrow Macbeth. I will be presenting myself as Macduff, standing before the crowd of soldiers, explaining to them exactly whyRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth719 Words   |  3 Pagesfor Lady Macbeth There are certain aspects of Lady Macbeth’s character that suggests she is good and therefore her downfall increases my sympathy for her by the end of act 5. But I would also argue that she entailed evil to fuel her sleeping ambition that would make her nemesis, her mental collapse, fully justified. Lady Macbeth’s role as a supporting wife at the start of the play exceeds the duties of a ‘normal’ wife. She is the ‘Eve’ to Macbeth’s ‘Adam’ and is tempted. Although Macbeth hints at

Analysis of Elements on International Trade

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Elements on International Trade. Answer: Introduction In the present times there has been a significant increase in the domestic consumers which has led to the significant decrease in the overall costs of the goods. This has led to the increase in the overall competition and has also allowed the different industries to do the shipping of their products abroad. In addition to this, it has permitted the industries to do the shipping of their products abroad. Though, in spite of all this, there are a number of things which are important to be discussed while doing the consideration of the some of the important parts of the International trade. There will be a discussion on the international trade, the costs and the benefits associated with the tariffs, the welfare effects and the winners and losers in tariff policies. Further, there will be a discussion on the export subsidies Further there will be discussion of export subsidies and agricultural subsidies. In addition to this, there will be a detailed explanation of the affect of trade in the agriculture in United States and the European Union. In addition to this, there will be a study on the effects of voluntary exports restraints on the exporting and important nations. Further, there will be analysis of how the different trade policies may impact the countries. Tariffs The tariff may be defined as any kind of tax which may be implemented in the cost of those goods which have been imported. It is something which may be added to the costs of the good. In addition to this, it is one of many trade policies which can be enacted by the nation. The tariff is important from varies perspectives. It helps in the overall protection of some of the infant industries and also the developing countries (Tarr Morkre, 1984). In addition to this they are also used by the advanced economies which have the developed industries. There are many reasons for the use of the tariffs. Thus, tariff can be defined as the tax which may be implemented on the exports or the imports. Tariff is something which can be in the form of the customs duty and can be changed for different businesses. Costs and Benefits of Tariffs There are a large number of benefits associated with the tariffs. These include the following: Protection of the domestic employment: The process of levying the tariff is something which is highly politicized. This may lead to the increase in the possibility of the overall increase in the competition from some of the imported goods which can be used for threatening of some of the domestic industries. These industries may use different tactics for their purpose of firing of the works or may shift the entire production abroad in order to cut down the costs. This may lead to such a situated where there are higher situation of unemployment within the nation and the electorates are less happy. The argument which is related to the unemployment may actually take a shift to some of the domestic industries who do complain about the foreign labor which can be available at the cheaper costs (Tullock, 1967). In addition to this there may also be the rising complaints about the poor working conditions for the people and the lack of proper regulation because of which the companies can produ ce the goods at a cheaper rate. In general, in the situation of economics, the different nations may produce the goods unless they do not have any kind of comparative advantage. Protection to the customers: Another important thing why tariff is more important that the government may levy a tariff on some of the products which are harmful for the people and can lead to the danger amidst the people. An example of the same is South Korea, where the tariff is placed on imported beef from the United States as it is believed by their government that this beef can lead to the diseases. Another example can be observed in India where the government has levied tariffs on cigarette as it is very harmful for everyone (Faruqui et al, 2010). Infant industries: Tariffs are useful to give the protection to some of the infant industries. This can be observed to be as a part of the Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) strategy which may be employed by the different developing nations of the world. The government in the development nations will be levying huge tariffs on some of the imported goods in the industries where it wants to observe a major growth. This also led to the overall increase in the prices of some of the imported goods. In addition to this, it helps in building of the suitable platform for the domestic market to sell the goods which are produced in the nation. This helps in fostering of the growth in the country and to ensure that there is more and more protection for the national companies. This also protects these domestic companies from being forced out to more competitive pricing (Lee Roland, 1993). In addition to this, it also leads to the decrease in the unemployment and also permits the differ ent developing nations to shift from the agricultural goods to other finished products. Though, there is more and more criticism against the protectionist strategy which actually revolved around the overall cost related to the subsidizing and the development of some of the infant industries. In case there is a situation that any industry develops and grow without any kind of competition, it will lead to the winding of the production of some of the lower quality goods. Also, the subsidies may be required to sap economic growth. National Security: There are also certain barriers which are employed by some of the developed countries in order to ensure that some of their industries are protected. It is assumed that these are some of the industries which are supporting the security of the nation. The different defense industries may be watched as one of the most vital industries in the nation and for the interests of the nation. In addition to this, these are the industries which may also enjoy the significant level of protection (Rodriguez, 1979). An example of the same is that while there is industrialization in both Western Europe and the United States, both of them are very protective with respect to their defense industries. Realization: Another benefit of tariff is that the nations may set up different tariffs for the purpose of realization. This is done to ensure that any trading partner hasnt done is not playing with the rules of the nations. For example: if it is believed by the France that United states has given the permission to sell the champagne wines in US, it may levy a huge amount of tax on the imported meat from United States (Baldwin et al, 1980). In such a condition there may be a realization and France may take the decision to pause its retaliation. This can be employed if any of the trading partners has gone against the foreign policy objective of the government. Welfare Effects of Tariff There are a number of welfare effects which are associated with the tariff which may include the following: Tariff impacts on the different producers of the country. The producers of the country may be benefited because of the tariffs. Because of the increase in the overall price of the product increase the profits of the producers in the country. In addition to this, it also increased the overall output of some of the existing firms and also the new firms (Neary, 1993). In addition to this, it also helps an improvement in the employment, profit, payments and fixed costs in the country. Tariff is good for the government of the nation: This is because the government receives a good amount of profits from the tariffs. This is beneficial for the people of the nation as they can be benefitted from the tariffs (Bond Syropoulos, 1996). The funds obtained from these revenues can be used in the spending programs which lead to the benefits on the people. Tariff is beneficial for the important country: This is because if the total gains and losses to consumers, producers and the government are summed up, it can be found that the tariff is actually beneficial for the nation as a whole (Magee et al, 1972). Winners and Losers in Tariff Policies Tariff may have an impact in the consumers of the important country. The people who consume the product may have to face a negative impact of tariff. They may have to face the increase in the prices in case of domestic goods and also in case of imported products. Therefore these people often have to spend high amount because of the tariff (Williamson, 2005). If tariff is not levied on these people, they may be impacted. Thus the consumers of the country are the losers as they have to lose money. The winners in such a scenario are the domestic companies who are producing the goods within the nation (Beine et al, 2008). They get the opportunity to sell the products at a fair price which they couldnt have done if no tariffs had been levied by the government on the imported goods. Had there been no tariff, these producers would have to sell the same goods at the lower price because of the market competition (Shafer, 1994). Another winner in case of the tariff is the nation as a whole as it has the overall gain. The government is also a winner as it gets the revenues which can be used for different tasks and purpose. Another loser other than the customers is the companies who have to pay the tariffs. Because of the high costs, they can sell fewer products in the importing country (Tang, 2000). Export Subsidies An export subsidy may be defined as the policy which is implemented by the government of the nation in order to encourage the export of different goods and also to discourage the sale of the goods in the domestic markets. This sale may be through the direct payments and also by some of the other measures including the low costs of loans, relief of taxes from the exporters or international financing which is advertized by the government. The government of the nation has to do the export in two forms (Brander et al, 1985). This may include the two kinds of subsidies. This may include the government subsidy and also the cash subsidy. The government subsidy on one hand includes the trade information, the studies released to the feasibility, the foreign representation and the trade shows. Another subsidy is the cash subsidy may include the rebate on the imported raw materials and the duty free import which is implemented on some of the manufacturing equipment which may be called as the in direct cash subsidy (Collie, 1991). Other than this, it may also include the drawback as the percentage related to the value of some of the exports which may be called as the direct cash subsidy. Agriculture Subsidies: An agriculture subsidy may be defined as the subsidy of the government which is paid to the farmers in the nation to help to raise their income. In addition to this, it also helps in the management of the supply of some of the agricultural subsidies. It also has an involvement in the cost and the supply which is related to some of the products (Parikh Suryanarayana, 1990). An example of some of the commodities on which the subsidy is given includes maize and corn, sorghum, cotton and milk etc. There may be different kind of agricultural subsidies which may include the input subsidies and fertilizer subsidies. Effects of the Subsidies in Agricultural Trade in US and Europe Agricultural subsidies has widely impacted the agricultural trade in the US and Europe. At present, the United States pay a total subsidy of around $20 billion to their farmers each year for the purpose of stabilization of the income earned from the farms. This is done with the help of the farm bills. This money has been directly used by the farmers in US and Europe. Because of the subsidies, the prices of some of the agricultural related commodities can be brought down. This is useful with respect to the international trade (Jensen et al, 2014). The low prices of the crops are also an encouraging factor for the developing nations to become the dependent buyers of some of the food which may be there from some of the wealthy systems. Under the same, the subsidized farmers may be easily able to dump some of the lower costs farms. But there are also some of the negative impacts of the agricultural subsidies. This is because they can lead the producers to have an over use of some of the fertilizers or the pesticides. This can lead to the degradation of the soil, depletion of some of the ground water resources. In some of the situations they may also lead to the distortion in some of the global commodity markets. This may also impact the global economy and the national security. In addition to this it can increase the poverty in the nation. Impact of Voluntary Export Restraint Let us assume that there are two different trading countries one of which is the exporting nation while the other is an importing nation. The supply and the demand curves for these two nations can be explained in the diagram. PFT is the free trade equilibrium price. At this price, the excess demand which may be raised by the importing nation may be equal to the excess supply which is given by the exporter. The quantity of export and import can be explained in the blue line in both the graph. This is actually the horizontal distance between the supply and the demand curves. It is assumed that the exporting nation does the binding of the VER which may be set equal to the length of the red line segment. Whenever there is a new equilibrium, the country which actually important will also rise to such a level at which the import related demand may be equal to the quota level (Harris, 1985). Thus, there will be a fall in the export supply which would be equal to the quota level (Feenstra,1 984). Importing country Exporting country Consumer Surplus - (A + B + C + D) + e Producer Surplus + A - (e + f + g + h) Quota Rents 0 + (c + g) National Welfare - (B + C + D) c - (f + h) World welfare - (B + D) - (f + h) VER Effects on Exporting Country: Exporting country consumers will find an increase in the overall wellbeing because of VER. The decrease in the domestic prices will raise the amount of consumer surplus. In addition to this the producers in the export country will be observing that there is an overall decrease in well being because of the quota. VER Effects on Importing Country: The consumers of the importing country will suffer a reduction in the well being of VER (Berry et al, 1999). The producers of the importing country may experience an increase in the overall well being because of VER. Also, there is no quota rent effects because of VER. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that there are different elements which may impact the international trade which may be there between the nations. The international trade is an important function for both the importing and the exporting nations. The implementation of the different taxes in the form of tariffs may also have the significant benefits to the importing country. In this report the discussion has been done on the impact and the benefits of some of the different elements related to the international trade. There has been discussion on the tariffs, its costs and benefits, its welfare effect on the nations. Further there has been a discussion on the export subsidies and agriculture subsidies. It has been found that how the subsidies may be important in case of international trade. Further there has been an analysis on the impact of VER on the importing and the exporting country. References Tarr, D.G. and Morkre, M.E., 1984.Aggregate costs to the United States of tariffs and quotas on imports: general tariff cuts and removal of quotas on automobiles, steel, sugar, and textiles: an economic policy analysis. Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Economics. Tullock, G., 1967. The welfare costs of tariffs, monopolies, and theft.Economic Inquiry,5(3), pp.224-232. Faruqui, A., Harris, D. and Hledik, R., 2010. Unlocking the 53 billion savings from smart meters in the EU: How increasing the adoption of dynamic tariffs could make or break the EUs smart grid investment.Energy Policy,38(10), pp.6222-6231. Lee, H. and Roland-Holst, D., 1993. International trade and the transfer of environmental costs and benefits. We Rodriguez, C.A., 1979. The quality of imports and the differential welfare effects of tariffs, quotas, and quality controls as protective devices.The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'Economique,12(3), pp.439-449. Neary, J.P., 1993. Welfare effects of tariffs and investment taxes.Theory, policy and dynamics in international trade, pp.131-156. Bond, E.W. and Syropoulos, C., 1996. The size of trading blocs market power and world welfare effects.Journal of International Economics,40(3), pp.411-437. Magee, S.P., Bergsten, C.F. and Krause, L., 1972. The welfare effects of restrictions on US trade.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,1972(3), pp.645-707. Baldwin, R.E., Mutti, J.H. and Richardson, J.D., 1980. Welfare effects on the United States of a significant multilateral tariff reduction.Journal of international Economics,10(3), pp.405-423. Winner Williamson, J.G., 2005. Winners and losers over two centuries of globalization. InWider perspectives on global development(pp. 136-174). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Beine, M., Docquier, F. and Rapoport, H., 2008. Brain drain and human capital formation in developing countries: winners and losers.The Economic Journal,118(528), pp.631-652. Shafer, D.M., 1994.Winners and losers: How sectors shape the developmental prospects of states. Cornell University Press. Tang, H. ed., 2000.Winners and losers of EU integration: policy issues for Central and Eastern Europe. World Bank Publications. Export Brander, J.A. and Spencer, B.J., 1985. Export subsidies and international market share rivalry.Journal of international Economics,18(1), pp.83-100. Collie, D., 1991. Export subsidies and countervailing tariffs.Journal of International Economics,31(3), pp.309-324. Agri Parikh, K.S. and Suryanarayana, M.H., 1990.Food And Agriculture Subsidies: Incidence And Welfare Under Alternative Schemes. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research-. Jensen, N.M. and Shin, M.J., 2014. Globalization and Domestic Trade Policy Preferences: Foreign Frames and Mass Support for Agriculture Subsidies.International Interactions,40(3), pp.305-324. Ver Harris, R., 1985. Why voluntary export restraints are'voluntary'.Canadian Journal of Economics, pp.799-809. Feenstra, R.C., 1984. Voluntary export restraint in US autos, 1980-81: Quality, employment, and welfare effects. InThe structure and evolution of recent US trade policy(pp. 35-66). University of Chicago Press. Berry, S., Levinsohn, J. and Pakes, A., 1999. Voluntary export restraints on automobiles: Evaluating a trade policy.American Economic Review, pp.400-430.

Three Rules For A Good Book Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The two books that I read this summer are: # 8220 ; California Blue # 8221 ; by David Klass, and # 8220 ; Mr. Tucket # 8221 ; by Gary Paulsen. # 8221 ; There are three regulations for composing a good book. Unfortunately no 1 knows what they are # 8221 ; . That quotation mark was said by W. Somerset Maugham. Every Writer has their ain three regulations. I came up with my ain. The three regulations that I think are the most important.The first regulation that I think every book should hold is a good gap sentence, and the whole construction of the beginning has to be good. In the first sentence the Writer has to catch the reader, so that the reader will desire to maintain on reading. In the first book that I read # 8220 ; Mr. Tucket # 8221 ; by Gary Paulsen, the Author started out with this sentence # 8220 ; Francis Alphonse Tucket came back to life easy # 8221 ; . This is a good starting sentence because it makes the reader inquire what had happened earlier. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Rules For A Good Book Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What happened that made Francis unconscious, or possibly he was dead, and was brought back to life utilizing smoked of a Alien device. At this point no 1 knows. You have to read on to happen out, and before you notice it you are half manner into the book. However in the 2nd book that I read by David Klass # 8220 ; California Blue # 8221 ; the Author took a whole different attack. He started with this sentence # 8220 ; I don # 8217 ; Ts know why running through a redwood wood ever made me believe of decease # 8221 ; . In this instance the Author started in the center of the book. This is the first clip when I read a book that started like that. It was sort of confusing because I didn # 8217 ; t cognize what was traveling on, until the Author started traveling back and stating what happened to the character that made him run through the forests, and than he continued on with the book. It makes the reader want to maintain on reading to happen out what is traveling on. To happen out why is the character running through the forests, is somebody trailing him? Both of these books do the reader inquire what is traveling to go on next, they grab the reader and do him read on. Books with good gap sentences are the 1s that get read in one sitting.The 2nd regulation that I think is really of import is a good topic. The topic has to be interesting, so that the reader would be interested in reading the book. The writer has to pick a topic that would involvement the reader. Every reader likes something different. Personally I like books that I can either associate to or books that have action in them. The book # 8220 ; Mr. Tucket # 8221 ; by Gary Paulsen, is about cowpunchers and Indians. They shoot guns all the clip. Mr. Tucket is a 14 twelvemonth old bo Y who is kidnapped by Pawnee Indians, he gets rescued my Mr. Grimes. Mr. Grimes teaches him how to last in the wild. While making that they get chased by Indians, about killed by a bear, Mr. Grimes gets changeable, and so on. This book is like an action drive from get downing to stop. However the 2nd book that I read is manner different. It is more religious. # 8220 ; California Blue # 8221 ; by David Klass is about a immature male child who gets cough up in lives jobs. As a adolescent he is interested in running the path, and butterflies. Neither of there chase are understood by his household. He likes running the path, while his pa and brother ever play football. They expect him to wish football excessively. This book is the sort of a book that I can associate excessively. My household neer understands what I like and what I want to make. My parents ever expect me to be person that I # 8217 ; m non. That is why I picked this book to read, I could associate to it. Picking a topic for a book International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t ever easy. Whatever the Writer chooses is neer traveling to fulfill everyone.The last regulation that is besides of import is the subject, or moral. Subject is what you get out of the book, what you learn from it. Reading a book and non acquiring anything out of it would be pointless. Every book has a lesson to larn from it. Reading # 8220 ; California Blue # 8221 ; tough me allot. It thought me how to cover with lives jobs, and to ever travel for what you think is right, non for that what everyone else thinks. For illustration: John Rogers, chief character, had to take between salvaging a butterfly which turns out to be an unknown species, or between the timber factory. Which would hold to be closed in order to salvage the butterfly. Every adult male in the town worked in that factory. Everyone in town expected him to bury about the butterfly and maintain things the manner they were earlier, but he didn # 8217 ; Ts listen to them, he did what he thought was right, and he saved the butterfly. The 2nd book # 8220 ; Mr. Tucket # 8221 ; though me non justice people by the manner they look. For illustration: Mr. Tucket wanted to hold a shot competition with Mr. Grimes. He bet money that he could win, he idea that he could win because Mr. Grimes had merely one arm. Well he lost, it turns out that Mr. Grimes is twice every bit fast as Mr. Tucket. Mr. Tucket judged his opposition by what he looked like, non by his accomplishment. Some books have hidden subjects, that you have to look deep for, while others have unfastened subjects, that may intend different things to different people.Those are my three regulations for good authorship. When of all time I write I try to follow them.

Plastics in Childrens Toys

Plastics in Children's Toys Neither you nor your child can escape the touch of plastics, and for the most part, you dont need to worry about it. Most plastics are perfectly safe for even very small children. Plastics in their pure form typically have low solubility in water and have a low level of toxicity. However, some plastics found in toys contain a variety of additives that have been found to be toxic. Although the relative risk of injury from plastic-based toxins is low, its prudent to select your childs toys carefully. Bisphenol-A Bisphenol-A usually called BPA was long used in toys, baby bottles, dental sealants, and even thermal receipt tape. More than 100 studies have linked BPA to problems including obesity, depression and breast cancer.   PVC Avoid plastics that are marked with a 3 or PVC because polyvinyl chloride plastics often contain additives that can make plastics more harmful than they need to be for children. The volume and type of those additives will vary by the object and may differ significantly from toy to toy. The manufacture of PVC creates dioxin, a serious carcinogen. Although the dioxin shouldnt be in the plastic, its a byproduct of the manufacturing process, so buying less PVC may be an environmentally smart decision. Polystyrene Polystyrene is a rigid, brittle, inexpensive plastic commonly used to make plastic model kits and other toys. The material is also a base of  EPS foam. In the late 1950s, high-impact polystyrene was introduced, which was not brittle; it is commonly used today to make toy figurines and similar novelties. Plasticizers Plasticizers such as adipates and phthalates had long been added to brittle plastics such as polyvinyl chloride to make them pliable enough for toys. Traces of these compounds can possibly leak out of the product. The European Union placed a permanent ban on the use of phthalates in toys. Furthermore, in 2009 the United States banned certain types of phthalates commonly used in plastics. Lead According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, plastic toys may contain lead, which is added to the plastic to soften it. If the toy is exposed to high heat, the lead may leach out in the form of dust, which may then be inhaled or ingested by a child or pet. A Little Bit of Vigilance Almost all plastic childrens toys are safe. A vast majority of toys are now made with polybutylene terephthalate plastic: You can tell these toys apart by sight, as they are the brightly colored,  shiny, very impact-resistant objects littering toy boxes across the country. Regardless of the type of plastic you encounter, its always wise to discard or recycle any plastic object that shows obvious signs of wear or degradation.   So although theres no need to panic about toxic toys, a little bit of vigilance especially with antique toys, or very inexpensive mass-produced toys may protect your children from unnecessary exposure.

Case Study - planning & strategy in small business Essay

Case Study - planning & strategy in small business - Essay Example 56). His management of finances proved to be good. As the owner of the firm, James has proved skillful in managing its finances and thus ensuring that success is attained. The overall overheads in the company have been minimal by the reduced cases of unnecessary taking of risks and by assigning all work in the firm on a sub-contract basis. The reduction of bad debts is another measure of his finance control. His checking of the profit margins involving all the contracts the company awards, the minimal cases of business bad debts and the leasing of land for business expansion has boosted his finance managerial skills. He is experienced and understands the market demand for the business. His vast knowledge on the relationship between employee productivity and their comfort prompted his venturing into this type of business. His business idea was spurred by his experience in the building and construction field and the knowledge on the existing market competition (Thomas 2006, p. 190). The ch ampioning of new ideas and development of existing ones has ensured growth. He is inexperienced at controlling and managing human resources. The result of his taking of human resource management position, which requires a competent person, has led to his arrogant nature in relation to employee-employer relationship. He cannot delegate duties as a result of his mistrust of employees. The effect is reduction in employee performance as a result of lack of team spirit and motivation which develops into low productivity. This is the case in Comfort Homes where James, despite his lack of experience in human resource management takes the position and controls everything without considering his employees in any decision making. He, however, gets things done but the employees do not feel as part of the company. This has led to poor communication system at the firm and lack of new ideas to steer the business towards growth. For instance, the failure to involve Kevin

Summarise the paper"The business risk audit A longitudinal case Essay

Summarise the paper"The business risk audit A longitudinal case study of an audit engagement" - Essay Example In contrast, the longitudinal approach revealed the practices that were embedded in the auditing process. The paper has focused on the impact of BRA on audit engagement. In addition, administrators use methodologies that will increase the profitability of their firms. For example, audit methodologies can divert the attention of the staff from low-value added services by ensuring they focus on more value-added audit services during the process. Moreover, administrators have the power to determine the nature and scope of the audit process. Consequently, it is evident that they have a lot of influence over the outcome of the process. However, it is believed that they will not abuse this influence because they have to protect the legitimacy of their organizations and their profession. Furthermore, it is difficult for the administrators to control the activities of seasoned practitioners from the center of the organization. The introduction of the BRA was informed by the need to shift the focus of the auditor from the financial statement risk to business risk. In addition, it focuses on transforming the nature of auditing from a high volume one to focusing on high level monitoring based on the application of strong analytical tools (Curtis & Turley 2007, p.444). The administrators are concerned with the implications that the audit methodology employed will have on the firm. In contrast, the auditors are influenced by their personal beliefs and experiences. The latter often consider the guidelines that are provided by the former as frameworks rather than something that must be followed strictly. The firm can be sued if its methodologies result in an unexaggerated view of the business. Consequently, the administrators have to ensure that they create effective methodologies that are consistent with the expectations of regulators. The

Medical Translation Essay Example for Free

Medical Translation Essay Introduction The medical terms to be translated are selected from three articles. Two articles deal with the posttraumatic stress disorder, a kind of mental disease and the other article is about the immune response in transplantation. Medical terms differ from that in daily use, and the same word can have different meanings within various contexts. In addition, many medical terms have roots and affixes which are mostly borrowed from Greek and Latin language, and as a result an analysis of the roots, prefixes and suffixes is necessary in order to translate the terms acutely and succinctly. Some terms can be transliterated into Chinese language while some need to be paraphrased into Chinese according to the context. The translation of medical terms should not only be accurate, but should also be concise, easy to understand and avoid being ambiguous. Article One: Blockade of Lymphocyte Chemotaxis in Visceral Graft-versus-Host Disease 1. Graft-versus-host Disease: Graft means any transplanted or implanted organ or tissue in English, in Chinese language, graft can be translated as â€Å" †. The term â€Å"versus† in English means the situation in which two sides are against each other. In Chinese language, the term refers to â€Å" †, but the term â€Å" † is usually used in military area and it is not concise for the translation of â€Å"versus† in medical field. Comparatively, the term â€Å"? † in Chinese is more suitable for the translation of â€Å"versus† as it is concise and it can reflect the condition in which one part is resistant toward another. â€Å"Host† means the body which accepts the transplantation. In Chinese, the character â€Å" † means the body on which another animal or plant lives (cf. Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary:854). In medical field, â€Å"† can be referred to the body to which the organ or tissue is attached. Therefore, the disease Graft-versus-host can be translated as â€Å" †, a disease in which the transplanted organ is antagonistic towards the body which accepts the implantation and it can lead to the destruction of the host body. 2. Antigen-presenting cells: The prefix â€Å"anti† means being against and antagonistic. The suffix â€Å"–gen† refers to â€Å"that which generate†. Therefore, the term â€Å"antigen† can be literally translated as â€Å" †, a kind of substance that can generate immune response. â€Å"Presenting† refers to â€Å"clinging to a cell surface for detection of other molecules†. In biological process, the antigen-presenting cell can process the antigen cells by taking and presenting them to the lymphocyte cells. In Chinese language, the term â€Å" † refers to recognizing and detecting specific substance and the term â€Å" † means â€Å"taking† and â€Å"bringing†. Consequently, the term â€Å"antigen-presenting cell† can be translated into â€Å" † in Chinese language. 3. Lymphocyte recruitment: Lymphocyte is a kind of leukocyte cell and it is a product of lymphoid tissue, participating in immune activities. In Chinese language, the term â€Å"lymphocyte† is transliterated as â€Å" †, which refers to pertaining to the lymphocyte. The term â€Å"recruitment† refers to the gradual increase and in Chinese language, â€Å" † means a growth and proliferation in number. Therefore, the term can be translated as â€Å" †. 4. Secondary Graft Losses: â€Å"Secondary† generally refers to the second rank in dictionary, but in the context, the term means being derived from what is original and primary. The term â€Å"secondary† should be translated as â€Å" † which means pertaining to progressive. The terms â€Å"losses† means dysfunction and destruction of the transplanted graft and in the context, and it can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese. Consequently, the term â€Å"secondary graft losses† translated into Chinese is â€Å" †. 5. Myeloproliferative Disorder: The root â€Å"myelo† refers to bone marrow and the term â€Å"proliferative† means rapid growth and increase. The term means an abnormal increase of marrow. Thus â€Å"myelo† can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language. The term â€Å"proliferative† can be translated as â€Å" † which means abnormal increase and production. â€Å"Disorder† can be translated as â€Å"? † which means abnormal condition of body. Therefore, the term â€Å"myeloproliferative disorder† can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language. 6. Antichemotactic effect: The prefix â€Å"anti† means â€Å"against† and it can be translated as â€Å"? † in Chinese language. The term â€Å"chemotacxis† refers to the orientation of a microorganism in response to chemical stimulus and it can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language which means the orientation of an object moving toward or away from something. â€Å"Effect† means result of something and it can be interpreted as â€Å"† in Chinese. Thus the term can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language. Article Two: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Diagnosis, History and Longitudinal Course 7. Shattered Cognitive Assumptions: The word â€Å"shattered† means fatigue, â€Å"cognitive† refers to mental process including thinking and learning and the word â€Å"assumptions† means subjective supposition. The term here refers to the disease with which the patient subjectively cannot stop thinking and assuming something terrible is going to happen without real proof and actually everything is imaginary. â€Å"Shattered† here can be translated as â€Å"†, and â€Å"cognitive† can be interpreted as â€Å" † and â€Å"assumptions† can be translated as â€Å" † in which the character â€Å"? † means â€Å"subjective and imaginary† and â€Å"? † refers to thinking. The character â€Å"? † means â€Å"disease†. Therefore, the term can be concisely interpreted as â€Å" †. 8. Fear Conditioning: The word â€Å"fear† means the feeling that someone thinks he or she is in danger. The word â€Å"conditioning† refers to a situation in which a stimulus originally unable of evoking a response becomes able to cause the response to occur by linking it with another stimulus that does so. The term â€Å"fear conditioning† here in the context means in a particular neutral condition, the patient who suffers posttraumatic stress disorder feels worried and frightened by consistently linking the neutral condition to the unpleasant experience that causes the patient to feel feared. â€Å"Fear† here can be translated as â€Å" †, which means feeling in danger and â€Å"conditioning† can be interpreted as â€Å" † which refers to under a particular situation. Therefore, the term â€Å"fear conditioning† can be translated as â€Å" †. 9. Diffuse Anxiety: â€Å"Diffuse† means not specific or limited and in the context, â€Å"diffuse anxiety refers to a kind of mental disease with which the patient experiences uncontrollable worries and fear without definite reasons. It is a kind of anxiety that has no specific content or focus. â€Å"Diffuse† here can be translated as â€Å" † which means pervasive and not confined and â€Å"anxiety† can be interpreted as â€Å" † which refers to fear and worries. As a result, the term â€Å"diffuse anxiety† can be translated as â€Å" †. 10. â€Å"Shell Shock† The word â€Å"shock† refers to an emergency in which the tissues and organs of a body experience a lack of blood flow and oxygen, and it can lead to severe damage to the body. In the context, â€Å"shell shock† is a mental disease, and it often occurs in soldier who has been hurt by the explosion of cannonballs. Patients with the â€Å"shell shock† generally have symptoms like tremor, headache, difficulty in concentration. â€Å"Shock† can be transliterated as â€Å" † and â€Å"shell† can be literally translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language. The translation of â€Å"shell shock† should be â€Å" †. But the translation â€Å"† cannot reflect the nature of the disorder. As a result, the term â€Å" † which means the neurasthenia should be added to the translation. Therefore, the term â€Å"shell shock† should be translated as â€Å" †. 11. â€Å"Operational Fatigue†: The term â€Å"operational† is pertaining to military and â€Å"Fatigue† literally refers to weariness. In the context, â€Å"fatigue† means mental tiredness and â€Å"operational fatigue† is a mental disorder with symptoms like irritability and tremor. The disorder mainly occurs in soldiers who are influenced by the cruelty of war both mentally and psychologically. â€Å"Fatigue† can be translated as â€Å" † which means unbearable mental and psychological stress caused by war. Thus, the term â€Å"operational fatigue† can be translated as â€Å" †. 12. â€Å"Startle Reaction† The word â€Å"startle† means to frighten or alarm suddenly and the word â€Å"reaction† refers to the response to a stimulus. In the context, the term â€Å"startle reaction† is a symptom of posttraumatic patients who behave and response vigilantly to neutral stimulus. The term can be translated as â€Å" †. 13. â€Å"Sympathetic overreactivity†: The word sympathetic means showing sympathy and understanding. The term in the context means the symptom of patient who over concerns and understands other people’s feelings. â€Å"Sympathetic† can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language. â€Å"Overreactivity† refers to abnormal reaction and it can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language. The term, then can be concisely translated as â€Å" †. 14. â€Å"Traumatic Neurosis†: â€Å"Traumatic† refers to serious injury to the human body. The term â€Å"traumatic neurosis† in the context means the shadow exerted by traumatic injury to the human body both in psychology and mentality. The term â€Å"traumatic† can be translated as â€Å"† which means relating to physical injury and â€Å"neurosis† can be interpreted as â€Å" † which means the psychological dysfunction and mental fatigue. The term can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language. 15. â€Å"Psychological Numbing† The term in the context refers to the aloof attitude of the patient towards the people and events around him or her. People with psychological numbing are frigid and show little concern or care about the outside world. The term is related to the patient’s psychological and emotional attitudes towards the society and â€Å"psychological† can be translated as â€Å" †. The word â€Å"numbing† can be interpreted as â€Å" † in Chinese language which means apathetic and callous. Therefore, the term can be translated as â€Å" †. 16. â€Å"Delayed Referral†: â€Å"Delayed† means something happened latter than expected. â€Å"Referral† refers to the transference of a patient from one clinician to another. In the context, delayed means the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder which may occur latter than expected after the traumatic event. â€Å"Delayed† here can be translated as â€Å" † which means postponement and â€Å"referral† can be interpreted as â€Å" †. Therefore, â€Å"Delayed Referral† can then translated as â€Å"†. Article Three: Neuroimaging and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 17. â€Å"Extinction Recall†: The word â€Å"extinction† means something that is extinguished and disappeared and â€Å"recall† refers to recollection. In the context, the term means the symptom of intrusive recollection of the terrible scenes experienced by the patients who suffer posttraumatic stress disorder. They develop hallucination in brain and experience the scene as if it were happening again. Therefore, the term can be translated as â€Å" † in Chinese language in which the word â€Å" † means again and again, and â€Å" † refers to experiencing and suffering. 18. â€Å"White Noise†: The word â€Å"white† means albus literally, but in the context, the word has another connation. Actually the word â€Å"white† in the article means the noise that can cover the disturbing sound and it is beneficial to human body. Thus the term in the article can be translated as â€Å" †. The term â€Å" † means not being disturbing and â€Å" † refers to noise. 19. â€Å"Flashback Intensity† â€Å"Flashback† means a vivid and sudden and recurrent memory of a past experience. In the context of the article, the term refers to a recurring and lively image of traumatic experience happened in the past. The intrusive memory is so lively that the patient who suffers posttraumatic stress disorder often recognizes the memory as something that is occurring in the real time. Therefore, the term â€Å"flashback intensity† can be translated as â€Å" †. The character â€Å" † means memory, the term â€Å" † refers to flashback and â€Å" † means intensity. 20. â€Å"Concomitant Dissociative Responses: â€Å"Concomitant† means existing at the same time and it can be translated as â€Å" †. The word â€Å"dissociative† refers to separate and it can be interpreted as â€Å" †. The word â€Å"response† means reaction and it can be concisely translated as â€Å" †. In the context, the term means reactions that coexist with posttraumatic stress disorder. As a result, the term can be translated as â€Å" †. Conclusion The medical terms are different from the terms used in daily life and it is characterized by its academic accuracy and conciseness. The translation of the medical terms should not only be a linguistic conversion between two languages, but also be a product in a specific context. English, as an international language, absorbed a large number of Greek and Latin roots and affixes. A good understanding of the roots and affixes is crucial in translating medical terms. By analyzing the literal meaning and the context, the terms can be translated by adopting the strategy of transliteration and paraphrasing. Bibliography Baidu Encyclopeida. http://www. baidu. com/ Collin Cobuild Learner’s Dictionary Concise Edition. 2001. HarperCollins Publishers. Homepage of The Free Dictionary by Farlex. http://www. thefreedictionary. com/ Hudong Encyclopedia. http://xinjiancitiao. hudong. com/ Haici Dictionary. http://dict. cn/ Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary [1988] 2004. Oxford University Press; The Commercial Press. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Main_Page.

Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Susan Glaspells Trifles Essay

Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Susan Glaspell's Trifles  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the play Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, the male characters make several assumptions concerning the female characters. These assumptions deal with the way in which the male characters see the female characters, on a purely stereotypical, gender-related level. The stereotypical assumptions made are those of the women being concerned only with trifling things, loyalty to the feminine gender, and of women being subservient to their spouses. The first assumption, women being only concerned with trifling things, is seen beginning with line 120 where the men say: Sheriff:  Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin' about her preserves. County Attorney:  I guess before we're through she may have something more serious than her preserves to worry about. Hale:  Well, women are used to worrying over trifles. These lines show the attitude toward women prevalent throughout the play. It is the men's nonchalance toward the small details t... ...imple things in life, things of little or no significance to the important, male world in which they live. It is here we find the men to be wrong, for it is in the small, seemingly insignificant details that the guilt of a woman is found and stifled. Work Cited Glaspell, Susan. "Trifles." Plays by Susan Glaspell. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc., 1920. Reprinted in Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia Eds. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1995. Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Susan Glaspell's Trifles Essay Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Susan Glaspell's Trifles  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the play Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, the male characters make several assumptions concerning the female characters. These assumptions deal with the way in which the male characters see the female characters, on a purely stereotypical, gender-related level. The stereotypical assumptions made are those of the women being concerned only with trifling things, loyalty to the feminine gender, and of women being subservient to their spouses. The first assumption, women being only concerned with trifling things, is seen beginning with line 120 where the men say: Sheriff:  Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin' about her preserves. County Attorney:  I guess before we're through she may have something more serious than her preserves to worry about. Hale:  Well, women are used to worrying over trifles. These lines show the attitude toward women prevalent throughout the play. It is the men's nonchalance toward the small details t... ...imple things in life, things of little or no significance to the important, male world in which they live. It is here we find the men to be wrong, for it is in the small, seemingly insignificant details that the guilt of a woman is found and stifled. Work Cited Glaspell, Susan. "Trifles." Plays by Susan Glaspell. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc., 1920. Reprinted in Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia Eds. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1995.